Which Rubrics for Monastic Diurnal Prayer?
The "rubrics" for monastic diurnal prayer (the daily cycle of liturgical prayer) vary significantly depending on the monastic order, tradition, and even the individual monastery. There isn't one single, universally accepted set of rubrics. However, we can explore the common elements and sources that shape these practices.
What is a Diurnal?
Before diving into the rubrics, it's crucial to understand what a diurnal is. The monastic diurnal encompasses the prescribed prayers said throughout the day, typically including:
- Matins (Lauds): Morning prayer, often the most elaborate.
- Terce: Third hour prayer (around 9 am).
- Sext: Sixth hour prayer (around noon).
- None: Ninth hour prayer (around 3 pm).
- Vespers (Evensong): Evening prayer.
- Compline: Night prayer.
Sometimes additional prayers, like Vigils (night prayer before Matins), are included.
Where to Find Rubrics for Monastic Diurnal Prayer?
The rubrics – the detailed instructions on how to perform the prayers – are usually found within:
- The monastic order's liturgical books: Each order (Benedictine, Cistercian, Carthusian, etc.) has its own liturgical books containing the specific texts and rubrics for their diurnal. These books are often quite detailed, specifying everything from the postures during prayer to the arrangement of the choir.
- The individual monastery's customs: Even within a single order, individual monasteries may have slightly different customs and adapted rubrics based on their history and tradition. These adaptations might involve minor changes to the order of prayers or the use of particular chants.
- Traditional liturgical manuscripts and codices: For older traditions, the rubrics might be found in historical liturgical manuscripts which offer a glimpse into the past practices of specific monasteries.
What Aspects are Covered by the Rubrics?
The rubrics for monastic diurnal prayer usually cover:
- The order of prayers: The precise sequence in which prayers are to be recited.
- The chants and hymns: Which chants and hymns are to be sung or recited for each part of the diurnal.
- The postures and gestures: The prescribed physical postures (standing, kneeling, prostration) and gestures (incense, bowing) during prayer.
- The use of liturgical objects: The appropriate use of candles, incense, and other liturgical objects.
- The responsibilities of the officiant and the choir: Who leads which parts of the service.
Which Liturgical Books are Used?
This will vary depending on the monastic order. Some common examples include:
- The Benedictine Breviary: Used by Benedictine monasteries.
- The Cistercian Breviary: Used by Cistercian monasteries.
- The Carthusian Breviary: Used by Carthusian monasteries.
- Various adaptations and translations: Many monasteries use adapted versions or translations of these foundational texts tailored to their specific needs and language.
Are the Rubrics Always the Same?
No, the rubrics are not static. They can evolve over time, reflecting changes in theological understanding, cultural contexts, and the needs of the community. Adaptations to existing rubrics can occur within the context of a monastery's own tradition.
This overview provides a starting point for understanding the complexities of monastic diurnal rubrics. To find the specific rubrics for a particular monastery or order, you would need to consult their liturgical books or contact the monastery directly. Remember that accessing and studying these materials often requires specialized knowledge and understanding of liturgical traditions.
